

Library
Biffl WL, Moore EE, Elliott JP, et al. Blunt cere- brovascular injuries. Curr Probl Surg 1999;36: 505–599.
Bromberg WJ, Collier BC, Diebel LN, et al. Blunt cerebrovascular injury practice management guidelines: the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma 2010;68: 471–477.
Brown CV, Antevil JL, Sise MJ, et al. Spiral computed tomography for the diagnosis of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine fractures: its time has come. J Trauma 2005;58(5):890– 895; discussion 895–896.
Coleman WP, Benzel D, Cahill DW, et al. A critical appraisal of the reporting of the Na- tional Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (II and III) of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(3):185–199.
Como JJ, DIav JJ, Dunham CM, et al. Practice management guidelines for identification of cervical spine injuries following trauma: Update from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guide- lines committee. J Trauma 2009;67:651–659.
Cooper C, Dunham CM, Rodriguez A. Falls and major injuries are risk factors for thoracolumbar fractures: cognitive impairment and multiple injuries impede the detection of back pain and tenderness. J Trauma 1995;38: 692–696.
Cothren CC, Moore EE, Ray CE, et al. Cervical spine fracture patterns mandating screening to rule out blunt cerebrovascular injury. Surgery 2007;141(1):76–82.
Diaz JJ, Cullinane DC, Altman DT, et al. Practice Management Guidelines for the screening of thoracolumbar spine fracture. J Trauma2007; 63(3):709–718.
Ghanta MK, Smith LM, Polin RS, et al. An analy- sis of Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice guidelines for cervical spine evaluation in a series of patients with multiple imaging techniques. Am Surg 2002;68(6):563– 567; discussion 567–568.
Grogan EL, Morris JA, Dittus RS, et al. Cervical spine evaluation in urban trauma centers: lowering institutional costs and complications through helical CT scan. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 200(2):160–165.
Guidelines for the Management of Acute Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(Suppl 2):1–259.
Guly HR, Bouamra O, Lecky FE. The incidence of neurogenic shock in patients with isolated spinal cord injury in the emergency depart- ment. Resuscitation 2008;76:57–62.
Hadley MN, Walters BC, Aarabi B, et al. Clinical assessment following acute cervical spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 2013;72(Suppl 2): 40–53.
Hoffman JR, Mower WR, Wolfson AB, et al. Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:94–99.
Holmes JF, Akkinepalli R. Computed tomography versus plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injury: a meta-analysis. J Trauma 2005; 58(5):902–905.
Hurlbert RJ. Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 2006;31(Suppl 11):S16–S21; discussion S36.
Hurlbert J, Hadley MN, Walters BC, et al. Pharmacological therapy for acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 2013;72(Suppl 2): 93–105.
Inaba K, Nosanov L, Menaker J, et al. Prospect- ive derivation of a clinical decision rule for thoracolumbar spine evaluation after blunt trauma: An America Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multi-Institutional Trials Group Study. J Trauma 2015;78(3):459–465.
Kirshblum S, Waring W 3rd. Updates for the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2014;25(3):505–517.
Krassioukov AV, Karlsson AK, Wecht JM, et al. Assessment of autonomic dysfunction follow- ing spinal cord injury: Rationale for additions to International Standards for Neurological Assessment. J Rehabil Res Dev 2007;44:103–112.
Mathen R, Inaba K, Munera F, et al. Prospective evaluation of multislice computed tomogra- phy versus plain radiographic cervical spine clearance in trauma patients. J Trauma 2007 Jun;62(6):1427.
McGuire RA, Neville S, Green BA, et al. Spine instability and the logrolling maneuver. J Trauma 1987;27:525–531.
Michael DB, Guyot DR, Darmody WR. Coinci- dence of head and cervical spine injury. J Neurotrauma 1989;6:177–189.
Panacek EA, Mower WR, Holmes JF, et al. Test performance of the individual NEXUS low-risk clinical screening criteria for cervical spine injury. Ann Emerg Med 2001Jul;38(1):22–25.
Patel JC, Tepas JJ, Mollitt DL, et al. Pediatric cervical spine injuries: defining the disease. J Pediatr Surg 2001;36:373–376.
Pieretti-Vanmarcke R, Velmahos GC, Nance ML, et al. Clinical clearance of the cervical spine in blunt trauma patients younger than 3 years: a multi-center study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma 2009;67:543–550.
Position statement. EMS spinal precautions and the use of the long backboard; National Association of EMS Physicians and American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Prehospital Emergency Care 2013;17;392–393.
Ryken TC, Hadley MN, Walters BC, et al. Guide- lines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Chapter 5—Radio- graphic assessment. Neurosurgery 2013;72(3, Suppl 2): 54–72.
Sanchez B, Waxman K, Jones T, et al. Cervical spine clearance in blunt trauma: evaluation of a computed tomography-based protocol. J Trauma2005;59(1):179–183.
Sayer FT, Kronvall E, Nilsson OG. Methyl- prednisolone treatment in acute spinal cord injury: the myth challenged through a structured analysis of published literature. Spine J 2006;6(3):335–343.
Sixta S, Moore FO, Ditillo MF, et al. Screening for thoracolumbar spinal injuries in blunt trauma: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma 2012;73(5, Suppl 4):S326–S332.
Stiell IG, Clement CM, Grimshaw J, et al. Implementation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule: prospective 12 centre cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2009;339:b4146.
Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, et al. The Canadian C-Spine rule of radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA 2001;286:1841–1848.
Vaillancourt C, Stiell IG, Beaudoin T, et al. The out-of-hospital validation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule by paramedics. Ann Emerg Med 2009Nov;54(5):663–671.
Vicellio P, Simon H, Pressman B, et al. A prospective multicenter study of cervical spine injury in children. Pediatrics 2001Aug;108(2):E20.